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Roberts' Seven Stage Crisis Intervention Model
Dr. Roberts conducted the first national survey of the organizational
structure and function of 24 suicide prevention centers in the late 1960s.
As a result, he developed standard crisis operating procedures and
techniques in 1970. The first article on his research was authored by A. R.
Roberts and J. J. Grau, and entitled "Procedures Used in Crisis Intervention
by Suicide Prevention Agencies." It was published in PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
(the peer reviewed journal of the U.S. Public Health Service), Volume 85,
1970, Washington, D.C. In 1973, Dr. Roberts comprehensive review of suicide
and suicide prevention was published as the lead article in Public Health
Reviews: An International Quarterly. Drs. Roberts, Berman, Cuskey, and
Pokorney's early research on suicide and sub-suicidal behavior was published
in A. R. Roberts (editor). SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR, Springfield, Illinois,
Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1975.
By 1990, Dr. Roberts had conceptualized his 7-stage crisis intervention
model, and published it in the first edition of his CRISIS INTERVENTION
HANDBOOK (1990). He expanded on the model in his crisis intervention and
crisis prevention books published in 1991, 1995, 1996, and 2000.
The most comprehensive and up-to-date application of the crisis intervention
model by 37 international recognized experts is published in the 2nd edition
of the CRISIS INTERVENTION HANDBOOK (2000). These 37 clinical and counseling
specialists apply Dr. Roberts model to crisis intervention with date rape,
school violence, substance abuse, adolescent suicide, marital abuse, HIV
positive, and hospital intensive care clients. A synopsis of the model is
presented below.
| I.
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Plan and conduct crisis assessment (including lethality measures).
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| II.
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Establish rapport and rapidly establish relationship.
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| III.
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Identify major problems (including the "last straw" or crisis precipitants).
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| IV.
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Deal with feelings and emotions (including active listening and validation).
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| V.
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Generate and explore alternatives.
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| VI.
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Develop and formulate and action plan.
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| VII.
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Follow-up and agreement.
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